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Climbing is the activity of using one's hands and feet (or indeed any other part of the body) to ascend a steep object. It is done both for recreation (to reach an inaccessible place, or for
its own enjoyment) and professionally, as part of activities such as maintenance of a structure, or military operations.
Climbing activities include:
Bouldering: Ascending
boulders or small outcrops, often with climbing shoes and a chalk bag or bucket. Usually, instead of using a safety rope from above, injury is avoided using a crash pad and a human spotter
(to direct a falling climber on to the pad).
Buildering: Climbing urban structures - usually without equipment - avoiding normal means of ascent like stairs and elevators. Aspects of
buildering can be seen in the art of movement known as Parkour.
Canyoning: Climbing up canyons for sport or recreation.
Competition Climbing: A formal, competitive sport of
recent origins, normally practiced on artificial walls that resemble natural rock formations. The International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) is the official organization
governing competition climbing worldwide and is recognized by the IOC and GAISF and is a member of the International World Games Association (IWGA). Competition Climbing has three major
disciplines: Lead, Bouldering and Speed.
Ice climbing: Ascending ice or hard snow formations using special equipment designed for the purpose, usually ice axes and crampons.
Protective equipment is similar to rock climbing, although protective devices are different (ice screws, snow wedges).
Mountain climbing (Mountaineering): Ascending mountains for
sport or recreation. It often involves rock and/or ice climbing.
Net climbing: Climbing net structures. The climbing structures consist of multiple interconnected steel reinforced ropes
attached to the ground and steel poles. Climbing nets are usually installed on playgrounds to assist children in developing their balancing and climbing skills.
Pole climbing (gymnastic): Climbing poles and masts without equipment.
Pole climbing (lumberjack): Lumberjack tree-trimming and competitive tree-trunk or pole climbing for speed
using spikes and belts.
Rock climbing: Ascending rock formations, often using climbing shoes and a chalk bag. Equipment such as ropes, bolts, nuts, hexes and camming devices are normally
employed, either as a safeguard or for artificial aid.
Rope access: Industrial climbing, usually abseiling, as an alternative to scaffolding for short works on exposed
structures.
Rope climbing: Climbing a short, thick rope for speed. Not to be confused with roped climbing, as in rock or ice climbing.
Tree climbing: Ascending trees without the
intention of harming them, using ropes and other equipment. This is a less competitive activity than rock climbing.
Rock, ice and tree climbing all usually use ropes for safety or aid.
Pole climbing and rope climbing were among the first exercises to be included in the origins of modern gymnastics in the late 18th century and early 19th century.
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